Understanding the 5 Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease
A Guide by African & Afro-Caribbean Kidney Awareness (AACKA)
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a gradual loss of kidney function over time. Many people within the African and Afro-Caribbean community are disproportionately affected due to higher rates of diabetes, high blood pressure and inherited conditions.
The kidneys play a vital role in filtering waste and excess fluids from the blood. When kidney function declines, harmful toxins build up in the body, affecting overall health and wellbeing.
CKD is divided into five stages based on the Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR), which measures how well the kidneys are working.
Stage 1: Kidney Damage with Normal Function (GFR 90 or above)
At this stage, the kidneys are functioning well but show signs of damage. Most people experience no symptoms. This is the most important stage for prevention, education and lifestyle changes.
Stage 2: Mild Reduction in Kidney Function (GFR 60–89)
Slight decline in kidney function is present. Symptoms may still be minimal, but changes in blood pressure and urine frequency can occur. Close monitoring and lifestyle adjustments are essential.
Stage 3: Moderate Kidney Damage (GFR 30–59)
Waste begins to accumulate in the blood. Symptoms may include fatigue, swelling in the legs or face, itchy skin, shortness of breath and difficulty concentrating. Medical management becomes more active.
Stage 4: Severe Kidney Damage (GFR 15–29)
Kidney function is significantly reduced. Symptoms become more intense and preparation for dialysis or transplant usually begins under specialist care.
Stage 5: Kidney Failure (Below GFR 15)
The kidneys can no longer support the body without treatment. Dialysis or kidney transplantation becomes necessary.
Why Early Detection Matters
CKD can progress silently. Early detection through blood pressure checks, kidney function blood tests and urine tests can prevent serious complications.
AACKA encourages the community to take proactive steps:
- Maintain healthy blood pressure
- Control diabetes
- Reduce salt intake
- Stay physically active
- Avoid excessive use of painkillers
- Attend regular health checks
Support Our Mission
At AACKA (African & Afro-Caribbean Kidney Awareness), we’re committed to improving kidney health and wellbeing within our community. Every blog post, awareness walk, and workshop is created to share knowledge, spark conversations, and save lives, especially among Afro-Caribbean families who face a higher risk of kidney disease.
Your kind contribution helps us to create free community health resources, fund awareness campaigns and local events and support training for volunteers and outreach teams
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DISCLAIMER
This information is provided by African & Afro-Caribbean Kidney Awareness (AACKA) for educational and awareness purposes only and does not replace professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional regarding any health concerns. AACKA accepts no responsibility for any reliance placed on this information.
